ABSTRACT
Objective Thresholds for auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to tone burst and tone burst in notched noises of two different intensities were tested in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.The relationship between ABR and puretone thresholds was analyzed to identify an acoustic stimuli with better frequency-specificity.Methods Thirty-eight adults with sensorineural hearing loss (totally 45 ears) were included in the study.Tone burst used to elicit ABRs had 2.5 cycles on the rise and fall and no plateau.Notched noises of two different intensities were used to mask tone burst ipsilaterally when recording ABRs.Those two kinds of notched noises were 25 dB (intensity A) and 15 dB (intensity B) lower than tone burst in intensity respectively.Tone burst ABRs without masking were named tb-ABR,while tone burst ABRs in notched noises of intensity A and B named as amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR.Thresholds for tb ABR,amtb ABR and bmtb-ABR were tested and analyzed.Results The regression coefficients between puretone thresholds and thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR of all frequencies were greater than 0.8.The mean differences between ABR and puretone thresholds were all less than 10 dB.Tb-ABR thresholds the were the closest to puretone thresholds at 500 Hz,while bmtb ABR thresholds were the closest at the other three frequencies.Bmtb-ABR thresholds were more close to puretone thresholds in patients with steeply sloping hearing loss.Conclusion Thresholds for all those three ABRs could be used to predict puretone thresholds.In most condition,tb-ABR thresholds were able to estimate puretone thresholds.In some condition,different stimuli could be chosen to elicit ABR at different frequencies.It was reasonable to choose bmtb -ABR for puretone thresholds estimation in patients with steeply sloping hearing loss.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the results of TEOAE and DPOAE in the same population of normal newborns, to provide information on choosing appropriate screening tools.Methods A two-steps protocol was taken with the first screening during the first 48 to 72 hours of birth and rescreened from one to two months old if the newborns failed the first screening.For each step of screening, TEOAE and DPOAE were performed simultaneously using AccuScreen hearing screening instrument (Madsen-GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark).A total of 1 062 normal newborns (F/M=508/554) delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this research for the first screening.Infants who failed either TEOAE or DPOAE screening in the first screening were referred to a second screening.Among them, 135 performed both DPOAE and TEOAE in the second step.The newborns who failed the second screening would receive ABR when they were 3 months old.Results In the first screening,the failure rate for TEOAE was 11.0% (117/1 062) and 13.7% (145/1 062) for DPOAE.In the second screening step, the failure rates were 17.8% (24/135) and 20.7% (28/135) for TEOAE and DPOAE, respectively.Chi-square and Fisher's test showed that the failure rates of DPOAE were significant higher than TEOAE for both steps (P<0.001).The agreements between TEOAE and DPOAE were 96.0% and 95.6% for the first and second steps respectively, and the kappa values were 0.817 and 0.857.As to the average time taken to accomplish the screening for one ear, TEOAE was 24±25 s and DPOAE was 40±34 s during the first screening;in the rescreening, TEOAE was 52±41 s and DPOAE was 73±62 s.Paired-t tests showed that the differences between DPOAE and TEOAE testing time were statistically significant (P=0.000) in both screening steps.Finally, 7 newborns (10 ears) were diagnosed conductive hearing loss(except 1 ear was sensorineural hearing loss).Conclusion As a screening tool, TEOAE got lower refer rates and took less time than DPOAE implicating TEOAE a better screening tool for normal neonates.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulizing glucocorticoid combined with olfactory training in the treatment of postviral olfactory dysfunction.METHODSPatients with postviral olfactory dysfunction were recruited in this study. All patients underwent T&T olfactory testing, sinonasal computer tomgraphy scanning, as well as magnetic resonance scanning of the olfactory pathway. Nebulizing glucocorticoid (pulmicort repulse) was inhaled once daily at the starting dose of 2 mg tapered to 1 mg after two weeks combined with olfactory training for 4 weeks. T&T olfactory testing were repeated after 4-week treatment.RESULTS Twenty four patients received teatment, with a mean age of 54 years old(range 37 to 81 years old), a mean olfactory dysfunction course of 2.20 months(range, 0.25-9 months). Of whom, 21 were anosmia, 3 were hyposmia. After teatment, complete recovery were achieved in 4 patients(16.7%), obvious improvement in 9 (37.5%), improvement in 5 (20.8%), no improvement in 6 (25.0%). No side effect and untoward effect were found.CONCLUSIONThe primmary outcomes suggest the efficacy and safety of nebulizing glucocorticoid combined with olfactory training in the treatment of postviral olfactory dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the accuracy of auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise in estimating puretone thresholds of adults with normal hearing.To study characteristics of ABRs evoked by tone burst and tone burst in notched noise of two different intensities.These three kinds of ABRs were named as follows:tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR.Methods Puretone audiometry,ABRs to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise of different intensities were tested in 20 adults (totally 40 ears) with normal hearing.Results ①Thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and broth-ABR of each frequency all approximated each other,and there were no statistically significant differences between them.②The mean differences between puretone thresholds and thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb -ABR and bmtb-ABR of each frequency were all less than 15 dB.Those mean differences of different ABRs of the same frequency were approximate to each other and had no statistically differences.③No matter what kind of ABR was tested,the latencies of wave V shortened with increase of frequency in each ABR at the same intensity.When the intensity and frequency of the tone burst were the same,the latency of wave V of tb-ABR was always statistically shorter than that of amtb-ABR.The latter was also always statistically shorter than that of bmtb-ABR.Conclusion Thresholds for ABRs to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise were useful in predicting puretone thresholds.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of intranasal jet nebulizing inhalation with budesonide suspension on 20 patients with olfactory disorder due to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or nasal and accessory nasal diseases.@*METHOD@#We tested the twenty patients with upper respiratory infection, naso sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, olfactory cleft disease induced olfactory loss by medical history, physical examination, olfactory tests and medical imaging. Budesonide suspension doses of 1 mg daily was administered by means of intranasal nebulization for 15 days. Olfactory function was assessed by T&T Olfactometry and olfactory event-related potentials before and after treatment, and only T&T Olfactometry was used after every 5 times for inhalation of budesonide.@*RESULT@#Of the patients with olfactory disorder, olfactory function was recovered in 90% after the course of treatment, including cured in 25%, improved in 50%, and slightly improved in 15%. And apparent effect was observed to appeared mostly after nebulizing inhalation for 10 times.@*CONCLUSION@#The above findings suggest that intranasal nebulizing inhalation with budesonide may be an effective therapy in the treatment of URTI-related or nasal and accessory nasal diseases related olfactory disorder. It is worth using the therapy.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Olfaction Disorders , Therapeutics , Respiratory Tract Infections , Therapeutics , Rhinitis , Therapeutics , SmellABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyses the clinical characteristics of 28 chronic rhino-sinusitis patients only characterized olfactory disorders.@*METHOD@#Twenty-eight patients who have only olfactory disorder were diagnosed chronic rhino-sinusitis, among which 16 patients accepted intranasal budesonide for 15 days. All patients accepted CT scan, T&T test and olfactory event-related potentials test before and after treatment.@*RESULT@#(1) No difference was found between 21 patients ( 12 months) (P > 0.05), significant difference was found between maxillary sinus,ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus in CT scan (P < 0.01). (2) Olfactory function improves after treatment (P < 0.01). Significant difference is found between 12 patients ( < or =12 months) and 4 patients (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#(1) Chronic rhino-sinusitis patients who have only olfactory disorder were found; (2) Intranasal budesonide treatment could improve olfactory functions of chronic rhino-sinusitis' patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Budesonide , Therapeutic Uses , Chronic Disease , Olfaction Disorders , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Olfactory Mucosa , Sinusitis , Diagnosis , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of compound Betamethasone on the expression of olfactory marker protein(OMP)in murine olfactory mucosa injured by influenza virus.Methods An animal model was developed by intranasal application of influenza virus to mice.Compound Betamethasone was injected i.p.(3.5 mg/kg)on day 2 and day 4 after the insult.The expression of OMP was tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The expression of OMP was significantly downregnlated in the olfactory mucosa of influenza virus control group 1 and influenza virus control group 2;the expression of OMP was significantly upregulated in the olfactory mucosa of post-infection compound Betamethasone group 1 and post-infection compound Betamethasone group 2.Conclusion Compound Betamethasone can enhance the expression of OMP in the olfactory mucosa injured by influenza virus.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the MRI findings of congenital dysosmia. Methods Forty-seven patients with congenital dysosmia (39 with Kallmann syndrome and 8 with isolated dysosmia) and 21 normal volunteers underwent MRI examination. The features of congenital malformation were recorded. The volume of olfactory bulbs, depth of olfactory sulei as well as diameters of pituitary glands and stalks were measured. The rate of dysplasia of olfactory bulbs and tracts in the two patients groups was compared with χ2 test. The difference of volume of olfactory bulbs between the two groups was evaluated with nonparametrie test. And the difference of diameters of pituitary glands and stalks was analyzed with analysis of variance. Results All the patients had abnormal findings in olfactory bulbs, tracts and/or olfactory sulci on MR images. The patterns of congenital malformation may be dysplastic or hypoplastic, symmetric or asymmetric. The proportion of patients with dysplasia of olfactory bulbs and tracts in Kallmann syndrome patients ( 31/39 ) was higher than that in isolated dysosmia ones ( 2/8 ) ( χ2= 6. 998, P = 0. 008 ), and the olfactory bulbs' volume of patients with Kallmann syndrome ( median 8 mm3 ) was smaller than that of patients with isolated dysosmia ( median 22 mm3 ) ( Z = - 2. 902, P = 0. 004 ). The pituitary glands were smaller and the stalks were thinner in patients with Kallmann syndrome than those in volunteers [ the anteroposterior diameter of pituitary glands in Kallmann syndrome (7. 22±1.93) mm, that in normal volunteers (9. 94±1.59) ram, F=16.835, P=0. 000; height of pituitary glands in Kallmann syndrome (3.71±1.74) mm, that in normal volunteers (6. 00±1.24) ram, F = 16. 092, P = 0. 000; the anteroposterior diameter of pituitary stalks in Kallmann syndrome ( 1.19±0. 55 ) mm, that in normal volunteers ( 1.88±0. 49 ) mm, F = 13.060, P =0. 000]. Conclusions In congenital dysosmic patients, dysplasia or hypoplasia of olfactory bulbs, tracts and sulei can be clearly depicted on MR images. MR imaging is valuable for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the characteristic of acoustically short latency negative response (ASNR) in auditory brainstem response (ABR) evoked by tone burst in children with hearing loss. Methods ABRs to click and tone burst were recorded from 0～6 years old children with hearing loss using SmartEP auditory evoked potential system. The threshold and latency was analyzed if ASNR was recorded. Results Among all the 80 ears tested, ASNR were recorded in 7 ears (8.75%) when using click, and in 40 ears (50%) when using tone burst. ASNR was most frequently evoked by 1 kHz tone burst (in 37 ears), and 2 kHz (in 25 ears) was the second. Among the ears with ASNR, the lowest threshold of ABR wave V was 65 dB nHL. The lowest threshold of ASNR was 80dB nHL. The latencies of ASNR for 0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz tone burst was 6～8, 5～7,3～5 and 3～4 ms, respectively. The latency decreased along with the increase of intensity. Conclusion ASNR can be recorded while recording tone-burst ABR, but it has no effect in predicting hearing level using the wave V threshold of tone-burst ABR.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the characteristics of OERPs of young adults.@*METHOD@#Subjects included 55 young volunteers (male/female 25/30) with normosmic. A complete ENT examination, A subjective olfactometry with T&T olfactometer were performed in all subjects. OERPs with stimulus isoamyl acetate (<1,648 x 10(-6)), and air control were obtained in volunteers.@*RESULT@#OERPs were obtained in both male and female volunteers. P2, the primary component of OERPs, was identified in all volunteers. No significant difference was found in latencies of the components of OERPs between male and female volunteers. N1-P2 interpeak amplitudes were larger in the female subjects than male subjects (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#P2 component of OERPs is identified in all young adults, both gender and interstimulus interval have impact on N1-P2 interpeak amplitudes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Evoked Potentials , Smell , PhysiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the dynamic changes in the upper airway that cause the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome by measuring the variations of upper airway pressures in the palatal segment of oropharynx and in segment of laryngopharynx.@*METHOD@#The two pressure sensors of the manometer: Apnea Graphs were positioned below uvula and upper esophagus. By comparing the difference between the two sites with the reference of outer atmospheric pressure and using two temperature sensors to determine the air flow through the nose and mouth, we got apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) of 21 patients of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome at the supine position and siding position and obtained the information about the site of upper airway collapse and obstruction.@*RESULT@#1. The AHI was (47.83 +/- 18.05) per hour for supine position, while (35.11 +/- 18.88) per hour for lateral position in the studying group. The difference between these two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.05). 2. The apnea events were mainly caused by the collapse and obstruction of palatal segment of oropharynx which constitute 84.48% of the obstruction. The collapse at the segment of laryngopharynx was responsible for 12.58% of the obstruction.@*CONCLUSION@#The upper airway pressure measurements could provide direct informations about the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. These informations help choosing appropriate operation for apneic patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Apnea , Palate , Pressure , Respiratory System , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , UvulaABSTRACT
Objective To study the offactory function test in Parkinson' s disease(PD), in order to promote the diagnosis of the PD. Methods Subjects included 95 middle-aged volunteers and 37 Pdpatients. A subjective olfactometry with T&T olfactometer was performed in all volunteers and patients.Olfactory event related potentials with isoamyl acetate were obtained in all volunteers and patients. Results The T&T olfactometer Results for the 2 sides were 4.6±1.1,4.4±1.2 in PD patients older than 70 years old and 3.9±1.7, 4.0±1.7 in those, respectively; while the data were 0.4±0.9,0.4±0.9 in volunteers older than 70 years, were 0.5±0.8,0.5±0.8 younger than 70 years old. There was a significant differencein T&T olfactometer Results between PD and volunteers (t=15.246,15.378,8.664,8.776, P<0.01). TheP2 latencies were respectively (734.9±143.2), (696.1±165.9) ms for the 2 sides in PD older than 70years, and (730.5±159.4), (719.5±159.2) ms in PD younger than 70 years;while they were (547.9±65.0), (558.5±56.3) ms, and (523.3±61.9), (526.8±62.0) ms in volunteers younger than 70 years.There was a significant difference in P2 latency between PD and volunteers (t = -3.940, -3.750,- 7. 514, - 8.205,P<0.01). Conclusions Olfactory dysfunction is an important index in PD. Olfactory function test is an useful method in the diagnosis of PD.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of apoptosis related genes, Bcl-2, bax, and iNOS in the olfactory epithelium of mice infected with influenza virus, and to discuss how they regulate apoptosis of the olfactory sensory neurons.@*METHOD@#The expression levels of apoptosis related genes were detected with semi-quantity RT-PCR.@*RESULT@#(1) The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA remain relatively constant after virus inoculation; (2) The expression levels of bax mRNA increased massively, and decreased gradually; (3) The expression levels of iNOS mRNA increased significantly in a short period, and then fell down to the undetectable level gradually.@*CONCLUSION@#The apoptosis related genes, Bcl-2, bax, and iNOS may play important roles in regulation of apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons of mice infected with influenza virus.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Metabolism , Olfactory Mucosa , Metabolism , Orthomyxoviridae , Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of pharyngoplasty on olfactory and taste function in treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Thirty-nine patients accepted pharyngoplasty for treating OSAHS from April 2005 to December 2005 who complained of olfactory and/or taste disturbances were analyzed in this study.@*RESULT@#Four cases complained of taste disturbances , among them, one case complained of disturbance. The 1st case complained of hyposmia, complete taste loss of sour and salty and partial taste loss of sweet. The 2nd case complained of partial taste loss of sour, sweet, salty and bitter. The 3rd case complained of partial taste loss of sour. The 4th case complained of phantogeusia who had sour and bitter sensation in phlegm.@*CONCLUSION@#The olfactory and/or taste disturbances may be complications of pharyngoplasty. Surgeons should be careful during the operation to avoid the damage of olfactory and taste function.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Olfaction Disorders , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , General Surgery , Taste DisordersABSTRACT
Objective To find out the difference in expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase in hippocampi and olfactory bulb of Alzheimer's disease rats,and the relationship between olfactory and Alzheimer's disease.Methods Adult rats,the expression of GFAP and NSE in hippocampi and olfactory bulb was measured by immuhistochemical after a single intracerebroventricular injection of ?-amyloid peptide,and change of these protein in olfactory.Results Comparing the hippocampi and olfactory of model and control,the expression of GFAP in model group increased evidently,the expression of NSE descended animals.Conclusion There is significant difference in olfactory system between Alzheimer's disease model and control group rats.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to air-and bone-conducted tone pip recorded in adults with normal hearing, to access the feasibility of estimating pure tone behavioral thresholds using tone-pip evoked ABR and to examine the effects of bone-conducted ABR to tone pips on differentiating the type of hearing loss. METHODS Air-and bone-conducted ABR to tone pips were recorded from otologically normal persons (n=20, male/female 10/10) using Smart EP auditory evoked potential system. RESULTS ABR thresholds to air-conducted tone pips were (24.8?7.3) , (16.1?6.5) , (13.5?5.5) , (11.9?5.8) dB nHL for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, and were (9.5?9.3) , (13.4? 6.6) , (12.2?6.0) , (12.2?7.2) dB higher than the pure tone behavior thresholds respectively; The ABR thresholds to bone-conducted tone pips were (28.4?9.2) , (19.0?7.4) , (15.1?7.7) , (13.6?6.4) dB nHL for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, and were (32.0?10.3) , (19.4?10.0) , (14.2?8.2) , (16.1 ?6.9) dB higher than the pure tone behavioral thresholds respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the ABR thresholds to AC and BC tone pips. The wave forms of tone-evoked ABR were similar to those of click-evoked ABR. The detectability of Wave Ⅰ and Wave Ⅲ decreased with the decrease of tone pip frequency. The wave latencies of tone-pipevoked ABR were longer than those of click-evoked ABR, and they prolonged with the decrease of tone pip frequency. The Wave Ⅴ latency of ABR to BC 0.5 and 1 kHz tone pips at thresholds were longer compared that to AC. CONCLUSION The thresholds of tone-pip evokedABR were useful in estimating the pure tone behavioral threshold and bone-conducted tone-evoked ABR might be helpful in differentiating the type of hearing loss.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the factors which lead to pharyngo-cutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy.Method:A retrospective study of 125 patients who underwent total laryngectomy during a 16-year period was carried out.Result:The rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula is 16.0% (20/125),it appears reduced tendency.With single-factor analysis,the factors effect on the rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula include clinical tumor stage,tumor types,pre-operative radiotherapy dose,intra-operative blood transfusion,operative duration.With all varible logistic model analysis,the factors effect on the rate of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula are clinical tumor stage and pre-operative radiotherapy dose,but pre-operative radiotherapy is very possible to be a risk factor (P=0.0566).With logistic model stepwise regression analysis,the factors effect on the rate of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula are clinical tumor stage and operative duration.Conclusion:Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula appears easily in patients with T3、T4 tumor,and have pre-operative radiotherapy, especially have large dose preradiotherapy.For these high risk patients,the duration of operation should be as short as possible to reduce the rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula.